|
|
| | výběr: kategorie New Europe 2003| nalezeno záznamů: 5 | |
| [1] | The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP)| J. B. Briggs | | Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, USA | | The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) was initiated in 1992 by the United States Department of Energy. The ICSBEP became an official activity of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) – Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 1995. Representatives from the United States, United Kingdom, France, Japan, the Russian Federation, Hungary, Republic of Korea, Slovenia, Yugoslavia, Kazakhstan, Israel, Spain, and Brazil are now participating. The purpose of the ICSBEP is to identify, evaluate, verify, and formally document a comprehensive and internationally peer-reviewed set of criticality safety benchmark data. The work of the ICSBEP is published as an OECD handbook entitled 'International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments'. The 2003 Edition of the Handbook contains benchmark model specifications for 3070 critical or subcritical configurations that are intended for validating computer codes that calculate effective neutron multiplication and for testing basic nuclear data. | kategorie:NENEpublikováno:Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2003, 8-11 September, 2003, Portorož, Slovenia - No.001 | | umístění:| Tomáš Vytiska | | | | | | | |
| [2] | Russian Nuclear Criticality Experiments: Status and Prospects| A. Gagarinski | | Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia | | After the nuclear criticality had been reached on a uranium-graphite assembly for the first time in the Soviet Union on December 25, 1946, by I.V. Kurchatov and his team, the critical conditions in a great variety of multiplying media have been realized only in the Kurchatov Institute for at least several thousand times.
Even the first Russian critical experiments carried out by Igor Kurchatov confirmed the unique merits of zero-power reactors: the most practically convenient range of parameters of kinetic response for variation of critical conditions, as well as invariability, over a wide range of the most important functions of neutron flux to reactor power. Neutron physics experiments have become a necessary stage in creation and improvement of nuclear reactors. | kategorie:NENEpublikováno:Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2003, 8-11 September, 2003, Portorož, Slovenia - No.002 | | umístění:| Tomáš Vytiska | | | | | | | |
| [3] | Nuclear Research Reactors Medical Applications: a Novel Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer| A. di Tigliole, T. Pinelli, F. Fossati, S. Altieri | | Laboratorio Energia Nucleare Applicata, Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Italy | | TAOrMINA (Advanced Treatment Organs by Means of Neutron Irradiation and Autotransplant) is a novel application of BNCT dedicated to the therapy of cancer spread in human organs. In particular, TAOrMINA method can be applied to all organs that can be submitted to auto-transplant procedure.
The therapeutic concept is based on the neutron irradiation of the organ removed from the patient, after being adequately perfused with a boron compound, and re-implanted in the patient after neutron treatment. The boron perfusion is accomplished by injecting a 10Bfructose solution for few hours. Soon after the organ is explanted and prepared for transport to the reactor facility where it is irradiated in a thermal neutron field.
Due to the sensible higher concentration of boron in the cancer with respect to the normal tissue, during the treatment, the dose absorption in cancer cells is highly destructive while the healthy cells are preserved under the tolerance level (less than 15 Gy).
In December 2001 the first patient, operated at the hospital S. Matteo of Pavia, was treated at the L.E.N.A.Centre of the University of Pavia where an irradiation facility of the TRIGA reactor (the Thermal Column) was redesigned and rearranged for the purpose of the treatment.
The patient, suffering from more than 20 cancerous metastases into the liver, had an expectation of life of few weeks. His present-day conditions are the best expected: all the metastases have been completely destroyed and there are no more evidences of cancer in his liver. According to his words 'he is enjoying again a life of satisfactory quality'. | kategorie:NENEpublikováno:Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2003, 8-11 September, 2003, Portorož, Slovenia - No.003 | | umístění:| Tomáš Vytiska | | | | | | | |
| [4] | Nuclear Methods in Medical Physics| R. Jeraj | | Institut Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia | | A common ground for both, reactor and medical physics is a demand for high accuracy of particle transport calculations. In reactor physics, safe operation of nuclear power plants has been asking for high accuracy of calculation methods. Similarly, dose calculation in radiation therapy for cancer has been requesting high accuracy of transport methods to ensure adequate dosimetry. Common to both problems has always been a compromise between achievable accuracy and available computer power leading into a variety of calculation methods developed over the decades. On the other hand, differences of subjects (nuclear reactor vs. humans) and radiation types (neutron/photon vs. photon/electron or ions) are calling for very field-specific approach. Nevertheless, it is not uncommon to see drift of researches from one field to another.
Several examples from both fields will be given with the aim to compare the problems, indicating their similarities and discussing their differences. As examples of reactor physics applications, both deterministic and Monte Carlo calculations will be presented for flux distributions of the VENUS and TRIGA Mark II benchmark. These problems will be paralleled to medical physics applications in linear accelerator radiation field determination and dose distribution calculations. Applicability of the adjoint/forward transport will be discussed in the light of both transport problems. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) as an example of the close collaboration between the fields will be presented. At last, several other examples from medical physics, which can and cannot find corresponding problems in reactor physics, will be discussed (e.g., beam optimisation in inverse treatment planning, imaging applications). | kategorie:NENEpublikováno:Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2003, 8-11 September, 2003, Portorož, Slovenia - No.004 | | umístění:| Tomáš Vytiska | | | | | | | |
| [5] | Towards the European Nuclear Engineering Education Network| B. Mavko, M. Giot, B.R. Sehgal, G. Van Goethem | | Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, European Commission, Brussels | | Current priorities of the scientific community regarding basic research lie elsewhere than in nuclear sciences. The situation today is significantly different than it was three to four decades ago when much of the present competence base in nuclear sciences was in fact generated. In addition, many of the highly competent engineers and scientists, who helped create the present nuclear industry, and its regulatory structure, are approaching retirement.
To preserve nuclear knowledge and expertise through the higher nuclear engineering education in the 5th framework program of the European Commission the project ENEN (European Nuclear Engineering Education Network) was launched, since the need to keep the university curricula in nuclear sciences and technology alive has been clearly recognized at European level.
As the follow up of this project an international nuclear engineering education consortium of universities with partners from the nuclear sector is presently in process of being established This association called ENEN has as founding members: 14 universities and 8 research institutes from 17 European countries. | kategorie:NENEpublikováno:Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2003, 8-11 September, 2003, Portorož, Slovenia - No.005 | | umístění:| Tomáš Vytiska | | | | | | | |
1 |
