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| | výběr: kategorie IYNC| nalezeno záznamů: 224 | |
| [1] | Advanced Modelling of the Economics of a New Nuclear Power Plant in Switzerland| T. Winkler, M. Streit | | Alpiq Suisse Ltd., Olten, Switzerland | | One of the main issues in planning future Nuclear Power Plants is the forecast of expected
production costs as well as the expected turnover for electricity. As this forecast should be extended to
a plant’s lifetime and include the decommissioning costs as well, economics for each of the possible
reactor types have to be considered and compared. Furthermore, some other important input
parameters of an investment calculation cannot be defined or predicted yet: the time horizon of the
plant realization, the trend of electricity market prices, inflation, fuel costs, etc.
As many input parameters have to be varied, this study will introduce two tools which were
developed to handle these uncertain input data. The first one is a deterministic model which calculates
up to 6075 scenarios. The second one has a stochastic approach, it combines unreliable input values
with a probability distribution. By analyzing and comparing the result sets, these tools offer an answer
to the question whether a new build NPP in Switzerland is profitable or not.
This study is based on a paper presented at IYNC 2008. The new stochastic modelling tool will
be introduced as well. | kategorie:IYNCpublikováno:IYNC 2010, 12-18 July 2010, Cape Town, RSA - No.102 | | umístění:| Tomáš Vytiska | | | | | | | |
| [2] | Swiss Energy Policy and New Build| M. Streit | | Swiss Nuclear Society, Switzerland | | Swiss energy policy is focused on generating domestic electric power without combusting fossil
fuels for already four decades. Roughly 60% of the electricity is generated in hydroelectric plants,
which is possible due to the country’s favourable topography, the remaining 40% are produced by the
country’s five nuclear power plants. As in any other country nuclear power has its enemies in
Switzerland. Due to the direct democracy system in Switzerland the nuclear opposition has a lot of
possibilities to disturb the energy policy. Since 1969, when the first Swiss nuclear power plant went
online, four plebiscites were held on the issue of civil use of nuclear energy. Four times Swiss citizens
voted in favour of further operation of the existing plants also in the latest battle for nuclear energy,
which was won in 2003.
In 2005 and 2006, several Swiss studies about the future energy situation, especially the
electricity situation, have been published. All off them show clearly that there will be a big electricity gap around the year 2020 when the oldest three nuclear power plants will fade out. A public debate
was started, how to solve the problem. Beside others, building new nuclear power plants was
mentioned and discussed rationally.
In 2007, the energy police of the Swiss government changed to a more nuclear friendly position
and at the end of the same year, some electricity companies launched a new build program.
The discussion about new builds in Switzerland was started and in summer 2008, the first
application for a general license was submitted to the Federal Office of Energy. End 2008, two further
projects submitted their applications for a general license.
This paper will describe the nuclear history and today’s nuclear situation as well as the future
prospects in Switzerland. | kategorie:IYNCpublikováno:IYNC 2010, 12-18 July 2010, Cape Town, RSA - No.103 | | umístění:| Tomáš Vytiska | | | | | | | |
| [3] | Switzerland – Aiming For A Sensible Long-Term Climate-Friendly Energy Production?| U. Amherd, M. Andersson, S. Meier, A. Sulzer, T. Winkler | | BKW FMB Energie AG, Bern, Switzerland | | In Switzerland, 95 % of electricity is produced by hydroelectric and nuclear power. This aboveaverage
share of nearly carbon dioxide free production is achieved due to a sensible and foresighted
energy policy in the last decades.
The steadily increasing demand of a growing economy and population combined with a
decreasing production due to diminishing hydroelectric potential and nuclear power plants reaching
the end of their economic lifetime will create an electricity gap.
This paper focuses on the future potential and feasibility of different ways of generating
electricity in Switzerland. The present situation and future scenarios are presented as well as
technically feasible solutions for electricity production. Since electricity production is of great public
interest, one chapter is devoted to political and public acceptance. | kategorie:IYNCpublikováno:IYNC 2010, 12-18 July 2010, Cape Town, RSA - No.104 | | umístění:| Tomáš Vytiska | | | | | | | |
| [4] | Implementing Geological Repositories in Switzerland - The Importance Of Public Involvement| W. Denk, P. Mini, C. Janning, D. Tanic, B. Kaderli | | Axpo AG, Baden, Switzerland | | Swiss law specifies that radioactive waste - arising in Switzerland from the nuclear power plants and from the use of radioactive materials in medicine, industry and research - has to be disposed of in deep geological repositories.
Nagra – the National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste - was established by the waste producers in 1972 to perform this task. Over the last four decades, the scientific-technical basis for waste management has been developed. Furthermore, the process and the criteria for site evaluation and selection have been defined by the Federal Government. According to the Swiss law and the site selection process, the public is strongly involved in the decision-making process for siting of the geological repositories. Therefore, interaction with the public is essential.
The paper describes the different elements of this interaction and the related challenges are discussed.
This paper was worked out by a group of young professionals as part of the Swiss Young Generation Project 2009. The group was supported by an experienced mentor from Nagra as well as by the board of the Swiss Young Generation. | kategorie:IYNCpublikováno:IYNC 2010, 12-18 July 2010, Cape Town, RSA - No.105 | | umístění:| Tomáš Vytiska | | | | | | | |
| [5] | High-Temperature Reactor Fuel Element Characterization with the Küfa Device| A.I. Kellerbauer, P.D.W. Bottomley, D.Freis, V.V. Rondinella, P. Van Uffelen | | JRC Institute for Transuranium Elements, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany | | Modern fuel elements for high-temperature reactors (HTRs) contain a large number of spherical
fuel particles embedded in three layers of coating materials. These are designed to ensure mechanical
stability and retention of fission products under normal and transient conditions, regardless of the radiation
damage sustained in-pile. In hypothetical depressurization and loss-of-forced-circulation
(D-LOFC) accidents, fuel elements of modular HTRs are exposed to temperatures several hundred
degrees higher than during normal operation, causing increased thermo-mechanical stress on the
coating layers. At ITU, a vigorous experimental program is being pursued with the aim of characterizing
the performance of irradiated HTR fuel under such accident conditions. A cold finger device (Küfa),
operational in ITU’s hot cells since 2006, has been used to perform heating experiments on eight irradiated
HTR fuel pebbles from the AVR experimental reactor and from dedicated irradiation campaigns
at the High-Flux Reactor in Petten, The Netherlands. Gaseous fission products are collected in a
cryogenic charcoal trap, while volatiles are plated out on a water-cooled condensate plate. A quantitative
measurement of the release is obtained by gamma spectroscopy. In this paper, we present an
overview of experimental results from the Küfa testing as well as the on-going development of new
experimental facilities. | kategorie:IYNCpublikováno:IYNC 2010, 12-18 July 2010, Cape Town, RSA - No.107 | | umístění:| Tomáš Vytiska | | | | | | | |
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